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1.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 8(2): 1-11, jun. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284460

ABSTRACT

La laringe es un órgano impar situado en la línea mediana del cuello, compuesto por cartílagos, músculos y ligamentos. La TC y la RM se realizan como técnicas de imagen de primera elección en el estudio de la laringe, no obstante, no están exentas de limitaciones. La ecografía es un método accesible, de alta resolución y presenta una relativa buena visualización de las diferentes estructuras de la laringe. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las características de estructuras anatómicas de la laringe identificables ecográficamente. En este trabajo de carácter observacional descriptivo de corte transversal prospectivo se estudiaron 20 pacientes, sin patología laríngea con edades entre 20 y 35 años, ambos sexos. Se realizó ecografía laríngea utilizando transductor ecográfico Phillips® con sonda lineal de 4 a 12 MHz, preset de partes blandas.En todos los casos se pudo identificar y medir los cartílagos tiroides, cricoides y epiglotis; y en gran porcentaje de estos las cuerdas vocales, bandas ventriculares y comisura anterior. El cartílago aritenoides solo fue visible en un 85% de los casos.La ecografía se presenta como un método auxiliar útil en el estudio de la anatomía de la laringe, proponiendo el seguimiento y realización de estudios ulteriores que puedan complementar este estudio y su validez.


The larynx is an odd organ located in the midline of the neck, composed of cartilage, muscles and ligaments. CT and MRI are performed as first-choice imaging techniques in the larynx study; however, they are not without limitations. Ultrasound is an accessible, high-resolution method with a relatively good visualization of the different structures of the larynx. The objective of the work was to determine the characteristics of ultrasoundly identifiable larynx anatomical structures.In this prospective cross-sectional descriptive observational work, 20 patients were studied, without laryngeal pathology aged between 20 and 35 years, both sexes. Laryngeal ultrasound was performed using Phillips® ultrasound transducer with linear probe from 4 to 12 MHz, soft parts presetThyroid cartilage, cricoids and epiglotis could be identified and measured in all cases, and in a large percentage of these the vocal cords, ventricular bands and anterior corner. Aritenoid cartilage was only visible in 85% of cases.Ultrasound is presented as a useful auxiliary method in the study of the anatomy of the larynx, proposing the follow-up and conduct of further studies that may complement this study and its validity


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Larynx/anatomy & histology , Larynx/diagnostic imaging , Paraguay , Arytenoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Arytenoid Cartilage/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Thyroid Cartilage/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Cricoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Cricoid Cartilage/diagnostic imaging
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 80(1): 9-18, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099197

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La laringe de cerdo doméstico tiene similitudes con la laringe humana. La capacidad elástica de las cuerdas vocales del cerdo demuestran tener la mayor similitud con la humana comparado con otros animales por lo que se ha propuesto usar las laringes de cerdo como modelo de entrenamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias y similitudes anatómicas e histológicas entre la laringe del cerdo y la humana. Material y método: Se realizaron mediciones por 4 observadores en 5 laringes porcinas cuyos resultados se compararon con los descritos en la literatura para las laringes humanas. Además se realizaron cortes histológicos para visualizar fibras elásticas, mucinas neutras y mucinas ácidas. Resultados: El cartílago tiroides porcino mide entre las astas superiores 37,55 ±7,30 mm, entre astas inferiores 31,33 ±3,27 mm, desde la prominencia laríngea al borde posterior 34,32 ±7,30 mm. En el cartílago cricoides, desde el borde superior-inferior en el arco anterior 7,28 ±2,21 mm, altura borde superior-inferior pared posterior 27,47 ±3,40 mm, ancho máximo pared posterior 30,99 ±4,51 mm, diámetro interior anteroposterior (borde cefálico) 30,90 ±2,12 mm, diámetro interior anteroposterior (borde caudal) 21,78 ±2,55 mm, diámetro interior derecha-izquierda (borde cefálico) 18,11 ±2,13 mm, diámetro interior derecha-izquierda (borde caudal) 21,10 ±2,40 mm. Histológicamente, la laringe de cerdo y humana presentan leves diferencias en cuanto al epitelio de cada porción de la laringe, a pesar de que el tipo de cartílago es el mismo en ambas especies. Conclusión: Si bien existen diferencias anatómicas e histológicas entre la laringe de cerdo y el humano, el modelo porcino es una alternativa útil, accesible y de bajo costo para el entrenamiento en cirugía laringotraqueal y microcirugía laríngea.


Introduction: The domestic pig larynx has similarities with the human larynx. The elastic capacity of the vocal folds of the pig has the greater similarity with the human one compared with other animals. It has been proposed to use the porcine larynx as a model for surgical training. Aim: To determine the anatomical and histological differences and similarities between the pig larynx and the human larynx. Material and method: Measurements were made by 4 observers in 5 porcine larynxes whose results were compared with those described in the literature. In addition, histological sections were performed to visualize elastic fibers, neutral mucins and acid mucins. Results: The porcine thyroid cartilage measured 37.55 ±7.30 mm between the upper horns, 31.33 ±3.27 mm between lower horns and 34.32 ±7.30 mm from the laryngeal prominence to the posterior margin. In the cricoid cartilage, from the upper-lower edge in the anterior arch 7.28 ±2.21mm, height upper-lower edge posterior wall 27.47 ±3.40 mm, maximum posterior wall width 30.99 ±4.51 mm, anteroposterior inner diameter (head margin) 30.90 ±2.12 mm, inner diameter anteroposterior (caudal edge) 21.78 ±2.55 mm, inner diameter right-left (head edge) 18.11 ±2.13 mm, inner diameter right-left (caudal edge) 21.10 ±2.40 mm. Histologically, the pig and human larynxes present slight differences in the epithelium of each portion of the larynx, despite the fact that type of cartilage is the same in both species. Conclusions: Although there are anatomical and histological differences between the pig larynx and the human larynx, the porcine model is a useful, accessible and low cost alternative for training in laryngotracheal surgery and laryngeal microsurgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Larynx/anatomy & histology , Microsurgery/education , Arytenoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Swine , Thyroid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Cricoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Laryngeal Nerves , Larynx/blood supply
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-22852

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Information on the diameters of the cricoid cartilage in northwest Indian children and adults is scanty. As injury to the mucous membrane of the larynx could occur when an endotracheal tube or a laryngoscope, selected on the basis of western data, is introduced into the larynx of patients. It was, therefore, considered necessary to study the diameters of the cartilage. METHODS: Cricoid cartilages were obtained from 100 male and 58 female adults, 25 male and 25 female children and adolescents on whom medico-legal postmortems were done. In addition, cartilages of 25 dead newborns were studied. Measurements taken included height and thickness of the lamina and anterior arch, anteroposterior and transverse diameters, circumference, length and breadth of the cricoarytenoid facets and angle between their long axes. RESULTS: With advancing age, there was an increase in the weight and in most of the measurements of the cartilage in the newborns, children and adolescents, and adults. Sexual dimorphism in weight and measurements became evident only after the age of 17 yr. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The weight and other measurements of the cricoid cartilage in northwest Indians are smaller than those recorded in the western populations. The tubes of appropriate size should therefore be used for intubation in different age groups particularly in children based on measurements taken in Indians. Use of the western measurements/standards for this purpose is not recommended. In case of a highly decomposed body, the measurements and weight of the cartilage may be useful in gender determination.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cricoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Female , Humans , India , Infant, Newborn , Intubation, Intratracheal , Male , Middle Aged , Organ Size , Sex Characteristics
5.
Rev. argent. anestesiol ; 51(3): 141-51, jul.-sept. 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194410

ABSTRACT

El manejo de la vía aérea pediátrica normal, puede resultar sumamente complejo si no se toma en cuenta que se trata de seres en pleno desarrollo. El hecho de que el niño no es un adulto pequeño nunca es más cierto que al estudiar su vía aérea. En el presente trabajo estudiaremos las características anatómicas y fisiológicas de la vía aérea pediátrica en particular, comparándola con la del adulto. Revisaremos las causas y condiciones que puedan generar dificultades en la intubación, y analizaremos los métodos de evaluación utilizados para anticiparse a estas situaciones. Consideraremos en detalle las diferencias que existen en la intubación del paciente pediátrico y el adulto y finalizaremos con una revisión de las complicaciones más frecuentemente asociadas a la intubación endotraqueal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Anesthesia, Endotracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Pediatrics , Respiratory System/anatomy & histology , Respiratory System/physiology , Airway Obstruction , Cricoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Laryngeal Edema/complications , Epiglottis/anatomy & histology , Larynx/anatomy & histology , Preoperative Care , Tongue/anatomy & histology , Trachea/anatomy & histology , Vocal Cords/anatomy & histology
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